Aerodyne Research, Inc.
 Center for Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry

 
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The Center for Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry performs laboratory and field experiments, designs and uses mathematical models, and develops and utilizes advanced field measurement techniques to understand the sources, environmental transformations and environmental fate of pollutants and biospheric emissions. Research and development activities are supported by government agencies, private companies and private sector research consotoria. Government sponsors include: the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Army Research Office, the Army Corps of Engineers, the Air Force Geophysics Directorate, the Office of Naval Research and the U.S. Geological Survey. Private sector sponsors include: Allied Signal Corp., Albermarle Chemical Co., Air Products, Inc., the Gas Research Institute, the Electric Power Research Institute, the Methyl Bromide Global Coalition, the Alternative Fluorocarbon Environmental Acceptability Study and the Chemical Manufacturers Association.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AREAS

  • Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

  • Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks

  • Aeronomy and Upper Atmospheric Chemistry

  • Atmospheric Oxidative Capacity

  • Urban and Regional Air Pollution

  • Airborne Toxics Fate Analysis

  • Pollutant Emissions Inventories

  • Atmospheric Trace Gas Measurements

  • Motor Vehicle and Aircraft Exhaust Remote Sensing

  • Soil and Groundwater Chemical Detection

FACILITIES

  • High and Low Pressure Gas Phase Flow Reactors

  • Tunable Laser Trace Species Detectors

  • Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer Detectors

  • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometers

  • Eddy Correlation Atmospheric Flux Monitors

  • Open-Path Remote Exhaust Pollutant Monitors

  • Aerodyne Mobile Trace Gas Laboratory

    For more information contact:

    Dr. Mark Zahniser
    Vice President
    Director, Center for Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry
    Phone: 978-663-9500, Ext. 224
    Fax: 978-663-4918
    e-mail: mz@aerodyne.com


ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY PERSONNEL

Mark S. Zahniser, Ph.D., Physical Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh

Dr. Zahniser directs the atmospheric and environmental chemistry research at ARI. He has expertise in reaction kinetics and spectroscopy of gas phase molecular species relevant to the atmosphere. He has extensive experience in laboratory rate constant measurements for reactions relevant to upper atmospheric ozone depletion and in the application of infrared tunable laser detection of atmospheric trace gases and measurements of greenhouse gas fluxes.

Daniel E. Glenn, MSEE, Tufts University

Mr. Glenn joined Aerodyne in February 2005.  He has expertise in the development of optical instrumentation for research and industry. He has previous experience developing optical instrumentation for the semiconductor industry.  Currently he focuses on development and design work to improve the opto-mechanical and electronic systems of ARI's Quantum Cascade Laser Trace Gas Detectors.

Scott C. Herndon, Ph. D., Physical Chemistry, University of Colorado

Dr. Herndon's research interests are centered on laboratory measurements of atmospherically relevant parameters. He has experience measuring gas phase rate constants for reactions involving OH, HO2 and SH radicals. Currently he is working on determining the rate constants for the reactions which determine the fate of the HO2 radical in the atmosphere.

Ryan McGovern, B.S., Electronics Engineering, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Mr. McGovern joined Aerodyne Research as an Instrument Engineer in 2006.  He has extensive experience with analog and digital electronics, and for his senior design project at Wentworth, he developed a fully automated robotic waitress.  His main responsibilities at Aerodyne include the construction of the Quantum Cascade Laser Trace Gas Detector system as well as the design of various electrical and mechanical systems.

J. Barry McManus, Ph.D., Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Dr. McManus has expertise in optical instrumentation design and applications to atmospheric trace gas measurements. He has extensive experience in field measurements of atmospheric trace gases and leads the ARI programs in methane emissions measurements from man-made sources. His expertise extends to tunable diode laser instrumentation and advanced optical designs for ground-based and aircraft borne trace gas detection systems using the ARI Astigmatic Multipass Absorption Cell, which he co-developed.

David D. Nelson, Ph.D., Physical Chemistry, Harvard University

Dr. Nelson has extensive experience in gas phase molecular spectroscopy and chemical kinetic studies of atmospheric trace gases. He leads the ARI programs in reaction rate measurements and spectroscopy of OH and HO2 radicals. He has extended his expertise in spectroscopic computational techniques to the development of computer software for atmospheric trace gas detection and eddy correlation flux measurements.

Jason Ploeger, Ph.D., Chemical Engineering, Massachusette Institute of Technology

Dr. Ploeger joined Aerodyne in October 2006 to study reactions of the HO2 radical in the atmosphere. During his thesis research at MIT he measured the kinetics of oxidation of organic compounds in supercritical water and developed detailed mechanisms to understand the role played by free radical species such as OH and HO2.

Joanne H. Shorter, Ph.D., Physical Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Dr. Shorter's expertise is in the area of molecular spectroscopy and its application to atmospheric trace gas detection. She has extensive experience in field measurements of methane emissions from man-made sources using high resolution infrared laser absorption and in laboratory measurements of quantitative molecular spectroscopy of small molecules.

Rick Wehr, Ph.D., Physics, University of Toronto

Dr. Wehr is a Postdoctoral Research Associate at the University of Arizona, currently stationed at Aerodyne to collaborate in the development and field deployment of ARI's Quantum Cascade Laser Isotope Spectrometer, which will be used to measure CO2 isofluxes at Harvard Forest by eddy covariance. He has expertise in atmospheric infrared spectroscopy and has experience in the development of various laser-based opto-electronic systems for the detection of atmospheric trace gases and stable isotopologues.

Ezra Wood, Ph.D., Physical Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley

Dr. Wood joined Aerodyne in January 2005. For his doctoral research at Berkeley he developed an instrument to measure the nocturnal nitrogen oxides NO3 and N2O5 by thermal dissociation - laser induced fluorescence (TDLIF). Current areas of research involve use of the Aerodyne Mobile Laboratory for the detection of several gas phase species. Dr. Wood is interested in a number of environmental problems.

AFFILIATED PERSONNEL

Douglas R. Worsnop, Ph.D., Physical Chemistry, Harvard University

Dr. Worsnop is a leading expert in the heterogeneous chemistry of atmospheric compounds. He has pioneered the development of laboratory techniques for measuring the chemical interactions between atmospheric trace gases and water droplets. His expertise extends to the mechanisms of the formation of polar stratospheric clouds, and to measurements of the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols.  Dr. Worsnop is a recipient of the 2004 Benjamin Y. H. Liu Award for his achievements in atmospheric composition measurement with the Aerodyne mass spectrometer system (AMS).

Joda C. Wormhoudt, Ph.D., Physical Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Dr. Wormhoudt's work has focused on the use of infrared diagnostics to study chemical kinetics and spectroscopy of species found in semiconductor fabrication systems and combustion flows. Dr. Wormhoudt has directed programs to utilized laser spectroscopic techniques to quantify the concentrations of pollutants in aircraft engine exhausts, the pyrolytic evolution of nitrogen oxides from soils contaminated with energetic materials and the measurement of in situ soil contaminant levels.

Richard C. Miake-Lye, Ph.D, Applied Physics, Stanford University

Dr. Miake-Lye's work is directed toward understanding the environmental impact of airplanes, focusing on the physical and chemical evolution of exhaust flowing from propulsion systems. Field studies, such as APEX1-3, AAFEX, and several military engine tests, as well as sub-scale physical models, and numerical models have been pursued to assess problems related to system performance, engine emissions characterization, and contrail formation. A tunable diode measurement technique for trace gas emissions has been developed and is being applied in support of the emissions characterization effort. In addition, a new Aerodyne measurement technology, the Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, is being applied to characterizing the particle emissions from aircraft engines. Additional advanced techniques are being developed for both particle and gaseous species measurements in parallel with on-going improvements in related microphysical modeling.  One major thrust of these efforts is to understand the effects of emissions from gas-turbine engines powering the commercial aviation fleet, both existing and planned, on the global atmosphere and as a contributor to regional air quality.  In addition to these research efforts, Dr. Miake-Lye serves on the SAE E-31 committee, Aircraft Engine Emissions Measurement, and was committee chair for five years.  This committee writes Aerospace Information Reports and Aerospace Recommended Practices specifying measurement procedures for characterizing emissions from aircraft engines.  He is currently Research Focal Point for Local Air Quality to the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO's)  Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP), and supports its working groups on environmental issues.

Charles E. Kolb, Ph.D., Physical Chemistry, Princeton University

Dr. Kolb has extensive experience in atmospheric and environmental chemistry, including gas-phase and heterogeneous (gas-surface) chemical kinetics of atmospheric species. He has also led ARI's efforts in the development of advanced spectroscopic sensors for atmospheric trace gas and soil contaminant detection, and the measurement of concentrations and emissions and deposition fluxes of atmospheric trace species.

Paul L. Kebabian, Ph.D. Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Dr. Kebabian's expertise is in the development of trace gas detection systems using rare gas tunable infrared lasers. He has pioneered the development of novel systems for measuring methane, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide using this technique. His optical engineering expertise has lead to innovative sensors for chlorophyll fluorescence, molecular oxygen and water vapor. He holds several ARI patents including one for the Astigmatic Multipass Absorption Cell.

John T. Jayne, Ph.D., Physical Chemistry, Boston College

Dr. Jayne's area of research is in the heterogeneous kinetics and mechanisms of atmospheric trace gases with water droplets and aerosols. He also is experienced with fast flow kinetic measurements of gas phase reactions using turbulent flow reactors.  Dr. Jayne is a recipient of the 2004 Benjamin Y. H. Liu Award for his achievements in atmospheric composition measurement with the Aerodyne mass spectrometer system (AMS).

Andrew Freedman, Ph.D., Physical Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley

Dr. Freedman serves as Director of the Center for Sensor Systems and Technology. His work has focused on a broad range of studies which encompass interfacial phenomena relevant to semiconductor processing, environmental chemistry and corrosion.


 SELECTED PUBLICATIONS AND PATENTS

"Multicomponent breath analysis with infrared absorption using room-temperature quantum cascade lasers," J. H. Shorter, D. D. Nelson, J. Barry McManus, M. S. Zahniser, D. K. Milton, IEEE Sensors J., 10 (1), 76-84, 2010.

"Hit from both sides: tracking industrial and volcanic plumes in Mexico City with surface measurements and OMI SO2 retrievals during the MILAGRO field campaign," B. de Foy, N. A. Krotkov, N. Bei, S. C. Herndon, L. G. Huey, A.-P. Martínez, L. G. Ruiz-Suárez, E. C. Wood, M. Zavala, L. T. Molina, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9, 9599-9617, 2009.

"High precision measurements of atmospheric concentrations and plant exchange rates of carbonyl sulfide using mid-IR quantum cascade laser," K. Stimler, D. Nelson, D. Yakir, Glob. Change Biol. Published Online:25 Sep 2009.

"HCN detection with a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer," W. B. Knighton, E. C. Fortner, A. J. Midley, A. A. Viggiano, S. C. Herndon, E. C. Wood, C. E. Kolb, Int. J. Mass. Spectrom. 283, (1-3), 112-121, 2009.

"Measurements of volatile organic compounds during the 2006 TexAQS/GoMACCS campaign: Industrial influences, regional characteristics, and diurnal dependencies of the OH reactivity," J. B. Gilman, W. C. Kuster, P. D. Goldan, S. C. Herndon, M. S. Zahniser, S. C. Tucker, W. A. Brewer, B. M. Lerner, E. J. Williams, R. A. Harley, F. C. Fehsenfeld, C. Warneke, J. A. de Gouw, JGR, 114, D00F06, doi:10.1029/2008JD011525, 2009.

"Aircraft hydrocarbon emissions at Oakland International Airport," S. C. Herndon, E. C. Wood, M. J. Northway, R. Miake-Lye, L. Thornhill, A. Beyersdorf, B. E. Anderson, R. Dowlin, W. Dodds, W. B. Knighton, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43 (6), 1730-1736, 2009.

"Comparison of emissions from on-road sources using a mobile laboratory under various driving and operational sampling modes," M. Zavala, S. C. Herndon, E. C. Wood, J. T. Jayne, D. D. Nelson, A. M. Trimborn, E. Dunlea, W. B. Knighton, A. Mendoza, D. T. Allen, C. E. Kolb, M. J. Molina, and L. T. Molina, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1-14, 2009.

ACRP Report 7: Aircraft and Airport-Related Hazardous Air Pollutants: Research Needs and Analysis, E. Wood, S. Herndon, R. C. Miake-Lye, D. Nelson, M. Seeley,  65p. (2008).  Airport Cooperative Research Program, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC

"Correlation of secondary organic aerosol with odd oxygen in Mexico City," S. C. Herndon, T. B. Onasch, E. C. Wood, J. H. Kroll, M. R. Canagaratna, J. T. Jayne, M. A. Zavala, W. B. Knighton, C. Mazzoleni, M. K. Dubey, I. M. Ulbrich, J. L. Jimenez, R. Seila, J. A. de Gouw, B. de Foy, J. Fast, L. T. Molina, C. E. Kolb, D. R. Worsnop, Geophys. Res. Lett.,  35, L15804. doi:10.1029/2008GL034058, 2008.

"Spatial and temporal variability of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mexico City," D. A. Thornhill, B. de Foy, S. C. Herndon, T. B. Onasch, E. C. Wood, M. Zavala, L. T. Molina, J. S. Gaffney, N. A. Marley, L. C. Marr1, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, (12), 3093-3105, 2008.

"High precision and continuous field measurements of δ13C and δ18O in carbon dioxide with a cryogen-free QCLAS," B. Tuzson, J. Mohn, M. J. Zeeman, R. A. Werner, W. Eugster, M. S. Zahniser, D. D. Nelson, J. B. McManus, L. Emmenegger, Appl. Phys. B, DOI: 10.1007/s00340-008-3085-4, 2008.

"Pulsed quantum cascade laser instrument with compact design for rapid, high sensitivity measurements of trace gases in air," J. B. McManus, J. H. Shorter, D. D. Nelson, M. S. Zahniser, D. E. Glenn, R. M. McGovern, Appl. Phys. B., 92, (3), 387-392, 2008.

"Development of negative-ion proton-transfer chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (NI-PT-CIMS) for the measurement of gas-phase organic acids in the atmosphere," P. Veres, J. M. Roberts, C. Warneke, D. Welsh-Bon, M. Zahniser, S. Herndon, R. Fall, J. de Gouw, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 274, (1-3), 48-55, 2008.

"New method for isotopic ratio measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide using a 4.3 μm pulsed quantum cascade laser," D. D. Nelson, J. B. McManus, S. C. Herndon, M. S. Zahniser, B. Tuzson, L. Emmenegger, Appl. Phys. B, 90, (2), 301-310, 2008.  Special Issue: 6th International Conference on tunable laser spectroscopy.

"Quantum cascade laser based spectrometer for in situ stable carbon dioxide isotope measurements," B. Tuzson, M. J. Zeeman, M. S. Zahniser, L. Emmenegger, Infrared Physics & Technology, 51, (1), 198-206, 2008.

"Suitability of quantum cascade laser spectroscopy for CH4 and N2O eddy covariance flux measurements," P. S. Kroon, A. Hensen, H. J. J. Jonker, M. S. Zahniser, W. H. van't Veen, A. T. Vermeulen,  Biogeosciences, 4, Special issue, 715-728, 2007.

"Laboratory evaluation of an aldehyde scrubber system specifically for the detection of acrolein," W. B. Knighton, S. C. Herndon, J. H. Shorter, R. C. Miake-Lye, M. S. Zahniser, K. Akiyama, A. Shimono, K. Kitasaka, H. Shimajiri, K. Sugihara, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 57, (11), 1370-1378, 2007.

"Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy study of CH3CH2OD/D2O binary condensation in a supersonic Laval nozzle," S. Tanimura, B. E. Wyslouzil, M. S. Zahniser, J. H. Shorter, D. D. Nelson, J. B. McManus, J. Chem.Phys. 127, (3), 034305 (13), 2007.

"Towards realization of reactive gas amount of substance standards through spectroscopic measurements," P. M. Chu, D. D. Nelson, Jr., M. S. Zahniser, J. B. McManus, Q. Shi, J. C. Travis,  IEEE T. Instrum. Meas., 56, (2), 305-308, 2007.

"Evaluation of nitrogen dioxide chemiluminescence monitors in a polluted urban environment," E. J. Dunlea, S. C. Herndon, D. D. Nelson, R. M. Volkamer, F. San Martini, P. M. Sheehy, M. S. Zahniser, J. H. Shorter, J. C. Wormhoudt, B. K. Lamb, E. J. Allwine, J. S. Gaffney, N. A. Marley, M. Grutter, C. Marquez, S. Blanco, B. Cardenas, A. Retama, C. R. Ramos Villegas, C. E. Kolb, L. T. Molina1, M. J. Molina,  Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2691–2704, 2007.

"Airborne measurements of HCHO and HCOOH during the New England Air Quality Study 2004 using a pulsed quantum cascade laser spectrometer," S.C. Herndon, M.S. Zahniser, D.D. Nelson Jr., J. Shorter, J.B. McManus, R. Jiménez, C. Warneke, J.A. DeGouw, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10S03, doi:10.1029/2006JD007600, 2007.

"Paraxial matrix description of astigmatic and cylindrical mirror resonators with twisted axes for laser spectroscopy," J.B. McManus, Appl. Opt. 46, (4), 472-482, 2007.

"Characterization of on-road vehicle emissions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area using a mobile laboratory in chase and fleet average measurement modes during the MCMA-2003 field campaign," M. Zavala, S.C. Herndon, R.S. Slott, E.J. Dunlea, L.C. Marr, J.H. Shorter, M.S. Zahniser, W.B. Knighton, T.M. Rogers, C.E. Kolb, L.T. Molina, M.J. Molina, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5129-4142, 2006.

"Comparison of cw and pulsed operation with a TE-cooled quantum cascade infrared laser for detection of nitric oxide at 1900cm-1, J.B. McManus, D.D. Nelson, S.C. Herndon, J.H. Shorter, M.S. Zahniser, S. Blaser, L. Hvozdara, A. Muller, M. Giovannini, J. Faist, Appl. Phys B, 85, 235-241, 2006.

"Implementation of a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to inorganic aerosol modeling of observation from the MCMA-2003 campaign - Part I: Model description and application to the La Merced site," F.M. San Martini, E.J. Dunlea, M. Grutter, T.B. Onasch, J.T. Jayne, M.R. Canagaratna, D.R. Worsnop, C.E. Kolb, J.H. Shorter, S.C. Herndon, M.S. Zahniser,  J.M. Ortega,  G.J. McRae, L.T. Molina, M.J. Molina, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4867-4888, 2006.

"Implementation of a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to inorganic aerosol modeling of observation from the MCMA-2003 campaign - Part II: Model application to the CENICA, Pedregal and Santa Ana sites," F.M. San Martini, E.J. Dunlea, R. Volkamer, T.B. Onasch, J.T. Jayne, M.R. Canagaratna, D.R. Worsnop, C.E. Kolb, J.H. Shorter, S.C. Herndon, M.S. Zahniser, D. Salcedo, K. Dzepina, J.L. Jimenez, J.M. Ortega, K.S. Johnson, G.J. McRae, L.T. Molina, M.J. Molina, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4889-4904, 2006.

"Separation of emitted and photochemical formaldehyde in Mexico City using a statistical analysis and a new pair of gas-phase tracers," A.R. Garcia, R. Volkamer, L.T. Molina, M.J. Molina, J. Samuelson, J. Mellqvist, B. Galle, S.C. Herndon, C.E. Kolb, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6, 4545-4577, 2006.

"Air emission inventories in North America: A critical assessment," C.A. Miller, G. Hidy, J. Hales, C.E. Kolb, A.S. Werner, B. Haneke, D. Parrish, H.C. Frey, L. Rojas-Bracho, M. Deslauriers, B. Pennell, J.D. Mobley, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 56, 1115-1129, 2006.

"On-road measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Mexico City metropolitan area using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry," T.M. Rogers, E.P. Grimsrud, S.C. Herndon, J.T. Jayne, D.E. Kolb, E. Allwine, H. Westberg, B.K. Lamb, M. Zavala, L.T. Molina, M.J. Molina, W.B. Knighton, Int. J. Mass spectrom., 252, 26-37, 2006.

"Characterization of a near-room-temperature, continuous-wave quantum cascade laser for long-term, unattended monitoring of nitric oxide in the atmosphere," DD. Nelson, J.B. McManus, S.C. Herndon, J.H. Shorter, M.S. Zahniser, S. Blaser, L. Hvozdara, A. Muller, M. Giovannini, J. Faist, Opt. Lett., 31 (13), 2012, 2006.

"Technical note: Evaluation of standard ultraviolet absorption ozone monitors in a polluted urban environment," E.J. Dunlea, S.C. Herndon, D.D. Nelson, R.M. Volkamer, B.K. Lamb, E.J. Allwine, M. Grutter, C.R. Ramos Villegas, C. Marquez, S. Blanco, B. Cardenas, C.E. Kolb, L.T. Molina, M.J. Molina, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3163-3180, 2006.

"Hydrocarbon emissions from in-use commercial aircraft during airport operations," S.C. Herdon, T. Rogers, E.J. Dunlea, J.T. Jayne, R. Miake-Lye, B. Knighton, Environ. Sci. Tech., 40 (14) 4416-4413, 2006.

"Measurement of nitrogen dioxide in cigarette smoke using quantum cascade tunable infrared laser differential absorption spectroscopy (TILDAS)," J.H. Shorter, D.D. Nelson, M.S. Zahniser, M.E. Parrish, D.R. Crawford, D.L. Gee, Spectrochem. Acta A, 63, 994-1001, 2006.

"What are the instrumentation requirements for measuring the isotopic composition of net ecosystem exchange of CO2 using eddy covariance methods?" S.R. Saleska, J.H. Shorter, S. Herndon, R. Jiménez, J.B. McManus, J.W. Munger, D.D. Nelson, MS. Zahniser, Isot. Environ. Health Studies, 42, 115-133, 2006.

"Characterization of a near-room-temperature, continuous-wave quantum cascade laser for long-term, unattended monitoring of nitric oxide in the atmosphere," D.D. Nelson, J.B. McManus, S.C. Herndon, J.H. Shorter, M.S. Zahniser, S.Blaser, L.Hvozdara, A.Muller, M.Giovannini, and J.Faist, Opt. Lett. 31, 2012-2014, 2006. {abstract}

"Atmospheric reactive nitrogen concentration and flux budgets at a Northeastern U.S. forest site," C.V. Horii, J.W. Munger, S.C. Wofsy, M. Zahniser, D. Nelson, J.B. McManus, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 133, 210-225, 2005.

"Vehicle fleet emissions of black carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other pollutants measured by a mobile laboratory in Mexico City," M. Jieng, L.C. Marr, E.J. Dunlea, S.C. Herndon, J.T. Jayne, C.E. Kolb, W.B. Knighton, T.M. Rogers, M. Zavala, L.T. Molina, M.J. Molina, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 3377-3387, 2005.

"A high precision pulsed quantum cascade laser spectrometer for measurements of stable isotopes of carbon dioxide," J.B. McManus, D.D. Nelson, J.H. Shorter, R. Jimenez, S. Herndon, S. Saleska, M. Zahniser, J. Mod. Optics, 52 (16), 2309-2321, 2005.

"Real-time measurements of SO2 H2CO, and CH4 emissions from in-use curbside passenger buses in New York City  using a chase vehicle," S.C. Herndon, J.H. Shorter, M.S. Zahniser, J. Wormhoudt, D.D. Nelson, K.L. Demerjian, C.E. Kolb, Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 7984-7990, 2005.

"Real-time measurements of nitrogen oxide emissions from in-use New York City transit buses using a chase vehicle," J.H. Shorter, S. Herndon, M.S. Zahniser, D.D. Nelson, J. Wormhoudt, K.L. Demerjian, C.E. Kolb, Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 7991-8000, 2005.

"Characterization of urban pollutant emission fluxes and ambient concentration distributions using a mobile laboratory with rapid response instrumentation," S.C. Herndon, J.T. Jayne, M.S. Zahniser, D.R. Worsnop, B. Knighton, E. Alwine, B.K. Lamb, M. Zavala, D.D. Nelson, J.B. McManus, J.H. Shorter, M.R. Canagaratna, T.B. Onasch, C.E. Kolb, Faraday Discuss., 130, 327-339, 2005.

"Temperature and gas-phase composition measurements in supersonic flows using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy: The effect of condensation on the boundary-layer thickness," S. Tanimura, Y. Zvinevich, B.E. Wyslouzil, M.S. Zahniser, J.H. Shorter, D.D. Nelson, J.B. McManus, J. Chem. Phys., 122, 194304 (11 pages), 2005.

"Atmospheric Trace Gas Measurements Using a Dual Quantum-Cascade Laser Mid-Infrared Absorption Spectrometer," R. Jimenez, S. Herndon, J.H. Shorter, D.D. Nelson, J.B. McManus, M.S. Zahniser, Proceedings of SPIE V.5738, 318-330: Novel in-Plane Semiconductor Lasers IV, ed. by C. Mermelstein, D.P. Bour, 2005.

“Air Quality in Selected Megacities,” L.T. Molina, M.J. Molina, R.S. Slott, C.E. Kolb, P. K. Gbor, F. Meng, R.B. Singh, O. Galvez, J.J. Sloan, W.P. Anderson, X. Tang, M. Hu, S. Xie, M. Shao, T. Zhu, Y.H. Zhang, B.R. Gurjar, P.E. Artaxo, P. Oyola, E. Gramsch, D. Hidalgo, and A.W. Gertler, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 55, Critical Review On-line Version, 2004.

"Quad Quantum Cascade Laser Spectrometer With Dual Gas Cells for the Simultaneous Analysis of Mainstream and Sidestream Cigarette Smoke," R.E. Baren, M.E. Parrish, K.H. Shafer, C.N. Harward, Q. Shi, D.D. Nelson, J.B. McManus, M.S. Zahniser, Spectrochimica Acta A, 60, 3437-3447, 2004.

"High Precision Measurements of Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide and Methane Using Thermoelectrically Cooled Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers and Detectors," D.D. Nelson, B. McManus, S. Urbanski, S. Herndon, M.S. Zahniser, Spectrochimica Acta A, 60, 3325-3335, 2004.

"Spatially Resolved Gas Phase Composition Measurements in Supersonic Flows Using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy," P. Paci, Y. Zvinevich, S. Tanimura, B.E. Wyslouzil, M.S. Zahniser, J. Shorter, D. Nelson, B. McManus, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 9964- 9970, 2004.

"Fast Gas Chromatography with Luminol Chemiluminescence Detection for the Simultaneous Determination of Nitrogen Dioxide and Peroxyacetyl Nitrate in the Atmosphere," N.A. Marley, G.S. Gaffney, R.V. White, L. Rodriquez-Cuadra, S.E. Herndon, E. Dunlea, R.M. Volkamer, L.T. Molina, M.J. Molina, Rev. of Sci. Instrum., 75, 4595-4605, 2004

"NO and NO2 Emission Ratios Measured from In-Use Commercial Aircraft during Taxi and Takeoff," S.C. Herndon, J.H. Shorter, M.S. Zahniser, D.D. Nelson, J.T. Jayne, R.C. Brown, R.C. Miake-Lye, I. Waitz, P. Silva, T. Lanni, K. Demerjian, C.E. Kolb, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 6078-6084, 2004.

"Mobile Laboratory with Rapid Response Instruments for Real-Time Measurements of Urban and Regional Trace Gas and Particulate Distributions and Emission Source Characteristics," C.E. Kolb, S.C. Herndon, J.B. McManus, J.H. Shorter, M.S. Zahniser, D.D. Nelson, J.T. Jayne, M.R. Canagaratna, D.R. Worsnop, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 5694-5703, 2004.

"Determination of Line Strengths for Selected Transitions in the v2 Band Relative to the v1 and v5 Bands of H2CO," S.C. Herndon, D.D. Nelson Jr., Y. Li, M.S. Zahniser, J. Quant. Spect. & Rad. Transfer, 90, 207-216, 2005.

"Environmental Monitoring with Pulsed Quantum Cascade Lasers: Seeking Sensitivity and Stability," D.D. Nelson Jr., J. B. McManus, J. Shorter, Q. Shi, M. Zahniser, B. Wyslouzil, Proceedings of the Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis Conference, Annapolis MD, February 9-11, 2004.

"Mobile Laboratory with Fast Response Instruments for Air Quality Forecast Urban Emissions and Ambient Concentration Measurements," C.E. Kolb, S.C. Herndon, J.T. Jayne, J.H. Shorter, M.S. Zahniser, D.R. Worsnop, Proc. of A&WMA's 97th Annual Conference & Exhibition Sustainable Development: Gearing Up for the Challenge!  June 22-25, 2004, Indianapolis, IN

"Utilization of Tunable Infrared Laser Sensors for Cross-Road Mobile Source Emissions Characterization and Quantification," D.D. Nelson, M.S. Zahniser, J.B. McManus, C.E. Kolb, Proc. of A&WMA's 97th Annual Conference & Exhibition Sustainable Development: Gearing Up for the Challenge!  June 22-25, 2004, Indianapolis, IN

"Fluxes of Nitrogen Oxides Over a Temperate Deciduous Forest," C.V. Horii, J.W. Munger, S.C. Wofsy, M. Zahniser, D.Nelson, J.B. McManus, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D08305,doi:1029/2003JD004326, 2004.

"Measurement of Formaldehyde, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Sulfur Dioxide at Whiteface Mountain Using a Dual Tunable Diode Laser System," Y.Q. Li, K.L. Damerjian, M.S.Zahniser, D.D. Nelson, J.B. McManus S.C. Herndon, J. Geophy. Res., 109, D16S08, doi:1029/2003JD004091, 2004.

"Influence of Atmospheric Pressure on Landfill Methane Emissions," P.M. CZepiel, J. H. Shorter, B. Mosher, E. Allwine, J.B. McManus, R.C. Harriss, C.E. Kolb, B. K. Lamb, Waste Management, 23, 593-598 (2003).

"Tunable Infrared Laser Differential Absorption Spectroscopy (TILDAS) Sensors for Combustion Exhaust Pollutant Quantification," M.S. Zahniser, D.D. Nelson, and C.E. Kolb, Applied Combustion Diagnostics,  K.K. Hoeinghaus and J. B. Jeffries, ed, 648-668, Taylor & Francis (2002).

"Infrared Line strengths and Pressure Broadening Coefficients in the n12 Vibrational Band of Hydrazine Measured by Infrared Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy," S.E. Plunkett, M.S. Zahniser, M.E. Parrish, D.D. Nelson, J.H. Shorter, J. Wormhoudt, and K.H. Shafer, J. Mol. Spec., 211, 241-247 (2002).

"Infrared Laser Spectrometer with Balanced Absorption for Measurement of Isotopic Ratios of Carbon Gases," J.B. McManus, M.S. Zahniser, D.D. Nelson, L.R. Williams, and C.E. Kolb, Spectrochim. Acta 58, 2465-2479 (2002).

"Hydrazine Detection Limits in the Cigarette Smoke Matrix Using Infrared Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy," S. Plunkett, M.E. Parrish, K.H. Shafer, J.H. Shorter, D.D. Nelson and M.S. Zahniser, Spectrochim. Acta 58, 2505-2517 (2002).

"Sub-Part-Per-Billion Detection of Nitric Oxide in Air Using a Thermoelectrically Cooled Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Laser Spectrometer," D.D. Nelson, J.H. Shorter, J.B. McManus and M.S. Zahniser, Appl. Phys. B., 75, 343-350 (2002).

"Quantum Cascade Lasers for Open- and Closed-Path Measurement of Atmospheric Trace Gases," J.B. McManus, D.D. Nelson, J.H. Shorter and M.S. Zahniser, Diode Lasers and Applications in Atmospheric Sensing, SPIE Proceedings, 4817, 22-33 (2002).

"Characterization of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Exhaust in Dense Urban Environments," J.H. Shorter, S.C. Herndon, M.S. Zahniser, D.D. Nelson, J.T. Jayne, and C.E. Kolb, Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium "Transport and Air Pollution", 33-40 (2001).

"Rate Constant Measurements for the Reaction of HO2 with O3 from 200 to 300 K Using a Turbulent Flow Reactor," S.C. Herndon, P.W. Villalta, D.D. Nelson, J.T. Jayne, and M.S. Zahniser, J. Phys. Chem. A, 105, 1583-1591 (2001). 

"Time-resolved analysis of cigarette combustion gases using a dual infrared tunable diode laser system," S. Plunkett, M.E. Parrish, K.H. Shafer, D. Nelson, J. Shorter, and M. Zahniser, Vibrational Spectroscopy, 27, 53-63 (2001).

"Diode-pumped 214.8-nm Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG microchip laser system for the detection of NO," J. Wormhoudt, J.H. Shorter, C.C. Cook, and J.J. Zayhowski, Appl. Optics, 39, 4418-4424 (2000).

"Diode-pumped 214.8-nm Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG microchip laser system for the detection of NO," J. Wormhoudt, J.H. Shorter, J.J. Zayhowski, Symposium on "Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis", 33-35 (2000).

"Remote Sensing of NO and NO2 Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks Using Tunable Diode Lasers," J.L. Jimenez, G.J. McRae, D.D. Nelson, M.S. Zahniser, and C.E. Kolb, Environ. Sci & Technol., 2380-2387 (2000).

"IRMA: A tunable infrared multi-component acquisition system for plasma diagnostics," J. Röpcke, L. Mechold, M. Käning, J. Anders, F.G. Wienhold, D. Nelson, and M. Zahniser, Rev. Sci. Instru., 71, 3706-3710 (2000).

"IRMA: A Tunable Infrared Multi-Component Acquisition System for Plasma Diagnostics," J. Röpcke, L. Mechold, J. Anders, F.G. Wienhold, D. Nelson, M. Zahniser, and J. Wormhoudt,  Symposium on "Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis", 88-90 (2000).

"Guidance for the Performance Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Air Quality Modeling Systems for Particulate Matter and Visibility," C. Seigneur, B. Pun, P. Pai, J.F. Louis, P. Solomon, C. Emery, R. Morris, M. Zahniser, D. Worsnop, P. Koutrakis, W. White, and I. Tombach, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 50 588-599 (2000).

"Cross road and mobile tunable infrared laser measurements of nitrous oxide emissions from motor vehicles," J.L. Jimenez, J.B. McManus, J.H. Shorter, D.D. Nelson, M.S. Zahniser, M. Koplow, G.J. McRae, and C.E. Kolb, Chemosphere - Global Change Science, 2, 397-412 (1999).

"Characterization of On-Road Vehicle NO Emissions by a TILDAS Remote Sensor," J.L. Jimenez, M.D. Koplow, D.D. Nelson, M.S. Zahniser and S.E. Schmidt, J. Air & Waste Manage. Asso., 49, 463-470 (1999).

"Nitric Acid and Nitrogen Dioxide Flux Measurements: A New Application of Tunable diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy," C.V. Horii, M.S. Zahniser, D.D. Nelson, J.B. McManus and S.C. Wofsy, Application of Tunable Diode and Other Infrared Sources for Atmospheric Studies and Industrial Process Monitoring, SPIE Proceedings, V. 3758, 152-161 (1999).

"A Tunable Diode Laser System for the Remote Sensing of On-Road Vehicle Emissions," D.D. Nelson, M.S. Zahniser, J. B. McManus, C.E. Kolb, and J.L. Jimenez, Appl. Phys. B, 67, 433-441, (1998).

"Air-broadened Linewidth Measurements in the O2 Vibrational Band of HOCl," J.H. Shorter, D.D. Nelson, and M.S. Zahniser. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday. Trans., 93, 2933-2935 (1997).

"Tunable Infrared Laser Detection of Pyrolysis Products of Explosives in Soils," J. Wormhoudt, J.H. Shorter, J.B. McManus, P.L. Kebabian, M.S. Zahniser, W.M. Davis, E.R. Cespedes and C.E. Kolb, Appl. Optics, 35, 3992-3997 (1996).

"Infrared Absorption by Methane Isotopes Near 2999 cm-1: An Analytical Method Using the Zeeman Split He-Ne Line at 2999.24 cm-1," P.L. Kebabian, M.S. Zahniser and C.E. Kolb, Appl. Optics, 35, 1942-1949 (1996).

"Astigmatic mirror multipass absorption cells for long-path-length spectroscopy," J.B. McManus, P.L. Kebabian, and M.S. Zahniser, Applied Optics, 34, 3336-3348 (1995). (Abstract)

"Measurement of Trace Gas Fluxes Using Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy," M.S. Zahniser, D.D. Nelson, J.B. McManus and P.L. Kebabian. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A., 351, 371-382 (1995).

"Rapid Degradation of Atmospheric Methyl Bromide in Soils," J.H. Shorter, C.E. Kolb, P.M. Crill, R.A. Kerwin, R.W. Talbot, M.E. Hines and R.C. Harriss, Nature, 377, 717-719 (1995).

"Trace Gas Flux Measurements at the Landscape Scale Using Boundary Layer Budgets," T.W. Choularton, M.W. Gallagher, K.N. Bower, D. Fowler, M. Zahniser, and A. Kaye, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A., 351, 357-369 (1995).

"Metastable Phases in Polar Stratospheric Aerosols," L.E. Fox, D.R. Worsnop, M.S. Zahniser, and S.C. Wofsy, Science, 267, 351 (1995).

"Recent Advances in Spectroscopic Instrumentation for Measuring Stable Gases in the Natural Environment," C.E. Kolb, J.C. Wormhoudt, and M.S. Zahniser, in Methods in Ecology: Biogenic Trace Gases: Measuring Emissions from Soil and Water, P.A. Matson and R.C. Harriss, eds., Blackwell Scientific Publishers, Ltd., 259-290 (1995).

"Development of Atmospheric Tracer Methods to Measure Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Facilities and Urban Areas," B. Lamb, J.B. McManus, J.H. Shorter, C.E. Kolb, B. Mosher, R.C. Harriss, E. Allwine, D. Blaha, T. Howard, A. Guenther, R.A. Lott, R. Siverson, H. Westberg and P. Zimmerman, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 1468-1479 (1995).

"Measurements of CH4 and N2O Fluxes at the Landscape Scale Using Micrometeorological Methods," D. Fowler, K.J. Hargreaves, U. Skiba, R. Milne, M.S. Zahniser, J.B. Moncrieff, I.J. Beverland, and M.W. Gallagher, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A., 351, 339-356 (1995).

"A Mechanistic Study of the Reaction of HO2 Radical with Ozone," D.D. Nelson, Jr. and M.S. Zahniser. J. Phys. Chem., 98, 2101 (1994).

"Eddy Covariance Measurements of Trace Gas Fluxes in Northern Europe by Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy," K.J. Hargreaves, D. Fowler, U. Skiba, R. Milne, K.A. Smith, and M.S. Zahniser, Annales Geophysicue, Supplement II to Volume 12. Oceans, Atmosphere, Hydrology and non-linear Geophysics. European Geophysical Society, Grenoble (1994).

"Air-Broadened Linewidth Measurements in the O2 Vibrational Band of the Hydroperoxyl Radical," D.D. Nelson, Jr. and M.S. Zahniser., J. Mol. Spec., 166, 273 (1994).

"Mapping Urban Sources of Atmospheric Methane," D. Blaha, B. Mosher, R.C. Harriss, C.E. Kolb, J.B. McManus, J.H. Shorter and B. Lamb, Geo. Info. Systems, 4, 34-38 (1994).

"OH Reaction Kinetics and Atmospheric Lifetimes of CF3CFHCF3and CF3CH2Br," D.D. Nelson, Jr., M.S. Zahniser, and C.E. Kolb. Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2, 197-200 (1993).

"Quantum Yields for OH Production From 193 nm and 248 nm Photolysis of HNO3 and H2O2," A. Schiffman, D.D. Nelson, Jr., and D.J. Nesbitt. J. Chem. Phys., 98, 6935 (1993).

"Vapor Pressures of Solid Hydrates of Nitric Acid: Implications for Polar Stratospheric Clouds," D.R., Worsnop, L.E. Fox, M.S. Zahniser, and S.C. Wofsy, Science, 259, 71-74, (1993).

"Molecular Beam Chemistry: Magnetic Deflection Analysis of Monoxide Electronic States from Alkali Atom + Ozone Reactions," X. Shi, D.R. Herschbach, D.R. Worsnop and C.E. Kolb, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 2113-2122 (1993).

"The Neutral Gas Laser: A Tool for Remote Sensing of Chemical Species by Infrared Absorption," P.L. Kebabian and C.E. Kolb, in Sampling and Analysis of Airborne Pollutants, E.D. Winegar and L.H. Keith, eds., 257-273, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL (1993).

"Chemical Kinetics of the Reactions of OH Radicals with CF3CFHCF3 and CF3CH2Br," D.D. Nelson, Jr., M.S. Zahniser, and C.E. Kolb, Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, 197-200 (1993).

"Electron Energy Distribution From Intense Electron Beams in the Lower Thermosphere," M. Martinez-Sanchez, W. Cheng, D. Dvore, and M.S. Zahniser, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 1363-1375 (1992).

"Chemical Kinetic Studies of Atmospheric Reactions Using Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy," D.R.Worsnop, D.D. Nelson, and M.S. Zahniser, Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Optical Methods in Atmospheric Chemistry, SPIE 1715, 18-33 (1992).

"Low Temperature Absolute Rate Constants for the Reaction of Atomic Sodium with Ozone and Nitrous Oxide," D.R. Worsnop, M.S. Zahniser, and C.E. Kolb, J. Phys. Chem., 95, 3960-3964 (1991), Errata, J. Phys. Chem., 96, 9088 (1992).

"Micrometeorological Measurements of CH4 and CO2 Exchange Between the Atmosphere and the Arctic Tundra," S.M. Fan, S.C. Wofsy, P.S. Bakwin, D.L. Jacob, S.M. Anderson, P.L. Kebabian, J.B. McManus, C.E. Kolb, and D.R. Fitzjarald, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 16,627-16,643 (1992).

"Chemical Kinetics of the Reactions of OH Radical with Several Propane Based HCFCs," D.D. Nelson, Jr., M.S. Zahniser, and C.E. Kolb, J. Phys. Chem., 96, 249-253 (1992).

"Excitation Mechanism of the Mesospheric Sodium Nightglow," D.R. Herschbach, C.E. Kolb, D.R. Worsnop and X. Shi, Nature, 356, 414-416 (1992).

"Chemical Kinetics and Dynamics of the Mesospheric Sodium Nightglow," C.E. Kolb, D.R. Worsnop, M.S. Zahniser, G.N. Robinson, X. Shi, and D.R. Herschbach, in Gas Phase Metal Reactions, A. Fontijn, ed., 15-27, North-Holland (1992).

"Uptake of Gas Phase Aldehydes by Water Surfaces," J.T. Jayne, S.X. Duan, P. Davidovits, D.R. Worsnop, M.S. Zahniser, and C.E. Kolb, J. Phys. Chem., 96, 5452-5460 (1992).

"Tropospheric Heterogeneous Chemistry of Haloacetyl and Carbonyl Halides," W.J. De Bruyn, S.X. Duan, X.Q. Shi, P. Davidovits, D.R. Worsnop, M.S. Zahniser and C.E. Kolb, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1939-1942 (1992).

"Diode Laser Spectroscopy of the O3 Vibration of the HO2 Radical," D.D. Nelson and M.S. Zahniser, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 150, 527-534 (1991).

"Open-Path Tunable Diode Laser Absorption for Eddy Correlation Flux Measurements of Atmospheric Trace Gases," S.M. Anderson and M.S. Zahniser, Proceedings of SPIE Laser Spectroscopy Symposium, Measurement of Atmospheric Gases, SPIE 1433, 167-178 (1991).

"Instrumentation for Chemical Species Measurements in the Troposphere and Stratosphere," C.E. Kolb, Rev. of Geophys. Supplement - U.S. National Report to IUGG 1987-1990, 25-36 (1991).

"Measuring Urban Fluxes of Methane," J.B. McManus, C.E. Kolb, P.M. Crill, R.C. Harriss, B. Mosher, B. Lamb, K. Maas, and J. Ryddock, World Resource Rev., 162-182 (1991).

Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution, J.H. Seinfeld, R. Atkinson, R.L. Berglund, W.L. Chameides, W.R. Cotton, K.L. Demerjian, J.C. Elston, F. Fehsenfeld, B.J. Finlayson Pitts, C.E. Kolb, P.J. Lioy, R.C. Harriss, J.A. Logan, M.J. Prather, A. Russell and B. Steigerwald, 500pp, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. (1991).

"High Resolution Infrared Flash Kinetic Spectroscopy of OH Radicals," A. Schiffman, D.D. Nelson Jr., M.S. Robinson, and D.J. Nesbit, J. Chem. Phys., 95, 2629 (1991) "Narrow Optical Interference Fringes for Certain Setup Conditions in Multipass Absorption Cells of the Herriott Type," J.B. McManus and P.L. Kebabian, Appl. Optics, 29, 898 (1990).

 PATENTS

"Laser System for Cross-Road Measurement of Motor Vehicle Exhaust Gases" #5877862, D.D. Nelson, J.B. McManus, M.S. Zahniser, C.E. Kolb, (Mar. 2, 1999)

"Off Axis Cavity Absorption Cell", #5,291,265, P.L. Kebabian, (Mar. 1, 1994).

"Method and Means for Controlling the Frequency and Power Output of a Tunable Diode Laser", #5,103,453, P.L. Kebabian and M.S. Zahniser, (Apr. 7, 1992).
 

  

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